An Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Diabetes Prevention in Nasarawa State
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Background of the Study
Diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern worldwide, with its prevalence increasing significantly in sub-Saharan Africa due to urbanization, dietary changes, and sedentary lifestyles (World Health Organization [WHO], 2024). In Nigeria, diabetes is a growing health issue, with millions of people either undiagnosed or poorly managing the disease (Nigerian Centre for Disease Control [NCDC], 2023). Effective prevention strategies, including public awareness, lifestyle modifications, and early detection, are critical in reducing the disease burden.
Nasarawa State, located in north-central Nigeria, has witnessed a rise in diabetes cases due to an increasing prevalence of risk factors such as obesity, unhealthy diets, and physical inactivity (Adebayo et al., 2023). Despite efforts by the government and health organizations to promote diabetes awareness and preventive measures, knowledge gaps persist among the population. Studies suggest that misconceptions about diabetes, poor dietary habits, and low engagement in physical activity contribute to the rising incidence of the disease (Ogunleye & Musa, 2024).
Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of individuals regarding diabetes prevention is essential for designing effective health interventions. Assessing these factors in Nasarawa State will provide insights into existing gaps and inform targeted awareness campaigns to reduce diabetes prevalence in the region.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the increasing prevalence of diabetes in Nasarawa State, there is limited empirical research on the public’s knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding its prevention. Many individuals have limited awareness of diabetes risk factors and preventive strategies, leading to unhealthy lifestyle choices (NCDC, 2023). Poor dietary habits, low physical activity levels, and reliance on traditional medicine rather than early medical intervention further exacerbate the problem (WHO, 2024).
Without proper knowledge and awareness, the adoption of preventive measures remains low, increasing the risk of diabetes-related complications such as kidney failure, cardiovascular diseases, and amputations. This study seeks to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices related to diabetes prevention in Nasarawa State and identify gaps that need to be addressed for effective intervention strategies.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the level of knowledge of diabetes risk factors and prevention among residents of Nasarawa State.
- To examine attitudes towards diabetes prevention and management in the study population.
- To analyze the practices adopted by individuals to prevent diabetes and the factors influencing these practices.
Research Questions
- What is the level of knowledge of diabetes risk factors and prevention among residents of Nasarawa State?
- What are the prevailing attitudes towards diabetes prevention and management in the study population?
- What practices are commonly adopted by individuals to prevent diabetes, and what factors influence these practices?
Research Hypotheses
- There is a significant relationship between knowledge of diabetes risk factors and the adoption of preventive measures.
- Attitudes toward diabetes prevention significantly influence lifestyle choices and health behaviors.
- Socioeconomic factors significantly impact diabetes prevention practices among residents of Nasarawa State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding diabetes prevention among residents of Nasarawa State. It will cover both urban and rural populations to identify disparities in awareness and preventive behaviors. Limitations may include response bias in self-reported data and challenges in reaching remote communities.
Definitions of Terms
- Diabetes Mellitus: A chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insulin deficiency or resistance (WHO, 2024).
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP): A framework used to assess what people know, how they feel, and what actions they take regarding a health condition (Ogunleye & Musa, 2024).
- Preventive Measures: Actions taken to reduce the risk of developing diabetes, including dietary modifications and physical activity (Adebayo et al., 2023).
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